The Peace of Westphalia and Sovereignty in Europe

Non-Intervention: No state, pursuant to the treaty provisions, was to interfere in the internal affairs of another, particularly in matters of religion and governance.
Legal Equality: Even smaller states within the Holy Roman Empire gained recognition as legally equal actors on the international stage.
Diplomatic Independence: States acquired the right to conduct their own foreign policy and enter into alliances without external approval.

May 29, 2025

Generating full article…

international relations peace of westphalia state sovereignty diplomatic history religious compromise

Uncover the deeper story behind the article. Click a backstory to learn more, and then continue deeper to see just how deep this rabbit hole goes.

Discovering backstory…